摘要
绿色建筑是应对气候变化、实现碳中和目标的重要途径，其设计理念与技术发展已成为建筑行业转型升级的核心方向。本文系统综述了绿色建筑设计理念的演进历程与技术发展现状，将设计理念划分为可持续发展理念、人本设计理念、生态设计理念、碳中和导向理念等主要类型，分析各类理念的内涵特征与指导意义。在此基础上，系统梳理了绿色建筑关键技术与材料创新，包括光伏与可再生能源技术、暖通系统节能技术、新型绿色建筑材料、新型结构支撑体系等，探讨了BIM技术与智能化技术在绿色建筑设计中的应用。研究表明，当前绿色建筑设计呈现出理念多元化、技术集成化、过程数字化、目标碳中和化的发展趋势，被动式设计与主动式技术的融合、BIM技术与绿色设计的协同、人本化与健康化的价值取向成为重要方向。未来应加强理念创新与技术进步的系统集成，推动绿色建筑从“浅绿”向“深绿”转变，实现建筑领域的高质量可持续发展。
关键词： 绿色建筑；设计理念；节能技术；BIM技术；碳中和；可持续发展
Abstract
Green building is an important approach to addressing climate change and achieving carbon neutrality goals, and its design concepts and technological development have become the core direction of the transformation and upgrading of the construction industry. This paper systematically reviews the evolution process of green building design concepts and the current status of technological development, classifying design concepts into major categories such as sustainable development concept, human-centered design concept, ecological design concept, and carbon neutrality-oriented concept, and analyzes the connotations and guiding significance of various concepts. On this basis, it systematically sorts out key technologies and material innovations in green buildings, including photovoltaic and renewable energy technologies, HVAC system energy-saving technologies, new green building materials, and new structural support systems, and explores the application of BIM technology and intelligent technology in green building design. Research shows that current green building design presents development trends of concept diversification, technology integration, process digitalization, and carbon neutrality orientation. The integration of passive design and active technology, the synergy between BIM technology and green design, and the value orientation of human-centeredness and health have become important directions. In the future, it is necessary to strengthen the system integration of concept innovation and technological progress, promote the transformation of green buildings from “light green” to “deep green”, and achieve high-quality sustainable development in the construction field.
Key words： Green building; Design concept; Energy-saving technology; BIM technology; Carbon neutrality; Sustainable development
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